CHINA
(& MANCHURIA)
The Manchu Dynasty
(Ta Ch'ing Ch'ao )
1908 - [1967] H.I.M. Emperor Hsüan-t'ung [K'ang Teh], the Great Illustrious Emperor of the Great Ch'ing Dynasty, Son of Heaven, Lord of Myriad Years, etc. b. at the Pei Mansion, Shichahai, Peking, 7th February1906, eldest son of H.I.H. Prince Tsai-fęng, 2nd Prince Ch'un, GCVO, by his first wife, H.I.H. Princess Consort Kua Erh Chia Shih, educ. privately. Selected by the Grand Empress Dowagar as the adopted son of the deceased Emperors Tung Chih and Kuang Hsu, 13th November 1908. Enthonred in the Hall of Supreme Harmony within the Forbidden City, Peking, 2nd December 1908. Deposed from temporal power after the Dowager Empress Lung Yu signed the instrument of abdication on his behalf, 12th February 1912. Granted the right to retain his Imperial titles, household, and honours in perpetuity by the Articles of Favourable Treatment. Briefly restored by General Chang Hsun 1st July, but was forced to abdicate again 12th July 1917. Expelled from the Forbidden City and illegally deprived of his styles and titles by General Feng Yu-hsiang, 5th November 1924. Appointed as Head of State of Manchuria, with the title of Chih-cheng, 28th February 1932. Installed at Hsinking, 9th March 1932. Proclaimed as Emperor of Manchutikuo under the reign name of K'ang Teh, 20th January 1934 and Enthroned at the Hall of Ceremony at Hsinking on 1st March 1934. Issued an Imperial rescript renouncing the throne at Tunghua on 12th August 1945. Captured by the Russiens 18th August 1945 and imprisoned at Khabarovsk 1945-1950. Delivered to the Chinese Communists 1st August 1950 and imprisoned by them at Fushun Detention Centre at Harbin in Manchuria 1950-1959, eventually pardoned by the People's Congress and released from prison, 4th December 1959. Employed at the Botanical Garden of the Academy of Sciences in Peking 1960, Research Assist. Historical Research Cttee. at the Institute of Literature and History 1961, Mbr. National Cttee. of the Advisory Political Conference of the Chinese People 1962, Mbr. National People's Congress 1964-1967. Sovereign of the Imperial Orders of the Double Dragon. Founded the Most Precious Order of the Imperial Throne on 20th March 1911, and the Orders of the Orchid, the Ray of the Dragon, and the Prospitious Clouds in 1934 and the Pillars of the State in 1936. Rcvd: the Collar of the Order of the Annunziata of Italy, GC of the Orders of the Chrysanthemum (6.6.1934), and the Rising Sun with Pawlownia flowers of Japan (1924), SS Maurice & Lazarus of Italy, and Carol I of Rumania with collar (28.2.1941). m. (first) at the Forbidden City, Peking, 30th November 1922 (div. 23rd October 1931), Shu Fei, Wen-hsiu (b. 1908; d.s.p. 1950), raised to the rank of a Shu Fei 11th March 1922, became a teacher after her divorce, daughter of Tuan-kung, Expectant District Magistrate, of the Ordet [E-erh Tet'e] clan. m. (second) at the K'un Ning Palace, Forbidden City, Peking, 1st December 1922, H.I.M. Empress [Chih-lien] Hsiao Hung-ch'iu [Kuo-chia] [Mu-hung] (b. in Longjiang, 1906; d.s.p. an invalid at a farm house in the Ch'ang-pai Shan Mountains, near T'umen, on the Korean border, June 1946), née Wan Jung, raised to the rank of Empress with the title of Hsiao Hung-ch'iu Huang Hou, 11th March 1922, imprisoned in Changchun, Kilin and Yenchi 1945-1946, rcvd: the Supreme Order of the Orchid Blossoms (19.4.1934), GC of the Order of the Precious Crown of Japan (6.6.1934), etc., daughter of H.E. Prince (Kung) Jung Yüan, of the Manchu White Banner Corps and the Kokol clan, sometime Minister of the Presence, by his first wife. m. (third) at Hsinking, 6th April 1937, Ming-hsien Huang Kuei Fei (b. 1921; d.s.p. at Hsinking, 13th August 1942), née Tan Yü-ling, raised to the title of Ch'ing Kuei Jęn, prom. to Hsiang Kuei Jęn, and to Ming-hsien Huang Kuei Fei, a lady of the Tatara (T'an) clan. m. (fourth) at Hsinking, 1943 (div. at Peking, 1957), Fu Kuei-jen [Li Yü-ch'in] (b. at Ch'ang-ch'un, 1928; m. second Huang
, television engineer), prom to the rank of Kuei-jen 1944. m. (fifth) at Peking, 23rd April 1962, Li Shu-hsien [Li Shuxian] (b. at Hangchow, 1923; d.s.p. at Peking, 9th June 1997), a former nurse. He d.s.p. from nephritic cancer and uraemia at the Capital Hospital, Peking (or died from his wounds after being mutilated during the Cultural Revolution), 17th October 1967 (bur. Eight Treasure Mountain Cemetery, Peking 1967 then in the Hall of Revolutionary Heroes 1979, and reburied among the tombs of Ching dynasty Emperors in Hebei province, 5th April 1995).
[1967 - 1994] H.I.H. Prince P'u-chieh, 3rd Prince (Ho Shę Ch'in Wang) Ch'un, Head of the Imperial Ch'ing Dynasty. b. at the Pei Mansion, Shichahai, Peking, 27th May 1907, second son of H.I.H. Prince Tsai-fęng, 2nd Prince Ch'un, GCVO, by his first wife, H.I.H. Princess Consort Kua Erh Chia Shih, educ. Gakushuin Peers' Sch., and Officers' Cadet Sch., Tokyo. Cmsnd. 2nd Lieut. Japanese Army, attached 59th Infantry Regt. 1935, Cmsnd. 2nd Lieut. Imperial Guard October 1935, cdt. Imperial Guards Cavalry Regt. 1937-1940. Granted the title of a prince of the second rak (To Lo Chün Wang), together with the style of His Imperial Highness, 30th November 1922. Appointed as Heir Apparent to the throne of Manchuria, by his brother, 1st March 1937. Imprisoned in Fu Shun Detention Centre at Harbin in Manchuria 1945-1961, Delegate for Shanghai to the National People's Conference 1978 and later for Liaoning, Mbr. Standing Cttee. People's Congress 1983, Vice-Chair Nationalities Affairs Commission 1983, Deputy Presdt China-Japan Friendship Assoc 1985-1994, Hon Dir Welfare Fund for th Handicapped 1986-1994. Poet and calligrapher. Succeeded on the death of his father as 3rd Prince Chun, 30th March 1951. Received the protection of Premier Chou En-Lai 1961 and permitted to reside in Peking. Succeeded his elder brother as Head of the Imperial House of Ch'ing, 17th October 1967. Sovereign of the Imperial Orders of the Double Dragon, and the Imperial Throne of China, and the Orders of the Orchid, the Ray of the Dragon, the Prospitious Clouds, and the Pillars of the State of Manchuria. Rcvd: Enthronement Anniversary (1933), and Japan Visit (1937) medals. m. (first) at Peking, 1924 (div. 1935), Tang Shih Hsia (d. at Hong Kong, 19xx), painter and calligrapher, teacher of Mandarin at the Tang Chi Ngong School of Chinese at the Univ. of Hong Kong, from the Ta Ta La family, a niece of K'o-shun Kuei Fei [Chang Chen]. m. (second), at the temple of Yasukuni-Jinja, Kudan Minami, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 3rd April 1937, H.I.H. Princess Hiro (b. in Japan, 16th March 1914; d. at Peking, 20th June 1987), imprisoned in Changchun, Kilin and Yenchi 1945, escaped to Japan with other Japanese refugees in 1947, returned to Peking in 1961 and received the protection of Premier Chou En-Lai, eldest daughter of Sanetô, 2nd Marquess Saga, by his wife, Hisako, Marchioness Saga, daughter of Yoshiuemon Hamaguchi. He d. at the Union Hospital, Peking, 28th February 1994 (bur. ther at the Babaoshan Cemetery for Revolutionary Heroes), having had issue, two daughters:
- 1) H.H. Princess (Chün Chu Kung Chu) Sheng-hui. b. at Hsingking, Manchuria, February 1938, educ. privately and Tokyo Womens' Univ. She was k. (murdered) at Izu Island, near Tokyo, Japan, 10th December 1957.
- 2) H.H. Princess (Chün Chu Kung Chu) Sheng-yun. b. at Hsingking, Manchuria, 1941, educ. privately and Tokyo Womens' Univ. m. at Tokyo, Japan, 1961, Kosei Fukunaga, employed in the motor car industry. She had issue, five children.