a---- ( atto(prefix for 10^18) )

A---- ( Ampere--Unit of current measurement. Current is a measure of the electron flow
through a circuit per unit of time. 6.24 x 10^18 electrons moving past a point in one second, equals one ampere. Abbreviated as amps. )

AC---- ( Alternating current--an electric current that reverses its direction at regularly recurring intervals or the polarity constantly reverses, as contrasted to de (direct current) where polarity is fixed. )

ACBRO--Australian---- ( Association Of Citizens And Band Radio Operators. )

ACC---- ( Accessory. )

Access code---- ( One or more numbers and/or symbols that are keyed into the repeater with a DTMF tone to activate a repeater function, such as an autopatch. )

ACI---- ( Adjacent Channel Interference--When a receiver is tuned to a
specific frequency and interference is received on a nearby frequency. )

ACK---- ( Acknowledgment, the control signal sent to indicate the correct receipt of a transmission block. )

ACREM--Australian---- ( Australian Citizens Radio Emergency Monitors. )

ACSSB---- ( Amplitude-compandored single sideband. A narrow-bandwidth, low-noise AM mode desgned to compete with narrow-bandwidth FM in the Land Mobile Radio Service. )

Active Region---- ( The region in the characteristic curve of an analog device in which the signal is amplified linearly. )

A/D---- ( Analog-to-digital. )

Adam---- ( Phonetic-alphabet code for letter A. )

ADC---- ( Analog-to-digital converter. )

Address---- ( A character or group of characters that identifies a source or destination. )

Admittance (Y)---- ( The reciprocal of impedance, measured in siemens (S). )

Aerial---- ( Used in the early days of radio -
sometimes referring to an outdoor antenna. )

AF---- ( Audio Frequency--20 to 20,000 hertz, the human hearing range. )

AFC---- ( Automatic Frequency Control--Automatically compensate frequency drift and used in FM receivers to prevent drift. )

AFSK---- ( Audio Freuqency-Shift Keying. )

AGC---- ( Automatic Gain Control--Automatically optimize receiver amplifier gain. )

AGS---- ( Antenna Ground System--The term is used for a RF potential for some types of antennas,
most unbalanced or asymmetricial antennas need a good RF Ground. )

Air gap---- ( A dead space where transmission is not being received. )

A/h---- ( Ampere hour--a unit quantity of electricity equal to the quantity carried past any point of a circuit in one hour by a steady current of one ampere. )

AIRS---- ( ARRL Interference Recording System. )

ALC---- ( Automatic Limiting Control or Automatic Level Control. )

ALERT---- ( Affiliated League of Emergency Radio Teams. )

Alignment---- ( Tuning a radio for maximum legal specification. )

ALOHA---- ( A channel-access technique wherein each packet-radio station transmits without first checking to see if the channel is free; named after early packet-radio experiments at the University of Hawaii. )

Alternating Current---- ( Electrical current that flows first in one direction in a wire and then in the other. The applied voltage is also changing polarity. This direction reversal continues at a rate that depends on the frequency of the ac. Or, A flow of charged particles through a conductor, first in one direction, then in the other direction. )

AM---- ( Amplitude Modulation. Full AM transmissions use a full carrier with two modulated sidebands, however, SSB and ACSSB are both AM modes. --AM is the preferred mode for broadcasting because of its simplicity. )

Amateur---- ( Ham operator--a person holding a license to operate an amateur station. )

Amateur bands---- ( Bands assigned to amateur radio operators. )

Amateur Operator---- (Amp---- ( A person holding a written authorization to be the control operator of an amateur station. )

Amateur Radio---- ( A radio communication service for the purpose of self-training, intercommunication and technical investigations carried out by amateurs, that is, duly authorized persons interested in radio technique solely with a personal aim and without pecuniary interest. (Pecuniary means payment of any type, whether money or another goods.) Also called ham radio. )

Amateur Radio Station---- ( A station licensed in the amateur service, including necessary equipment, used for amateur communication. )

Amateur Service---- ( Another name for Amateur Radio; one of the radio communication services regulated in the U.S. by the Federal Communications Commission. )

Amateur Station---- (Amp---- ( A station licensed in the amateur service, including necessary equipment, used for amateur communication. )

Amateur Television---- ( A mode of operation that Amateur Radio operators can use to exchange pictures from their radio stations. )

American Radio Relay League---- ( The membership organization for Amateur Radio operators in the U.S. )

AMICON---- ( AMSAT International Computer Network--Packet-radio operation on SSC L1 of AMSAT-OSCAR 10 to provide networking of ground stations acting as gateways to terrestrial packet-radio networks. )

Ammeter---- (Amp---- ( A test instrument that measures current. )

Amp---- ( Abbreviation for ampere. )

Ampere (A)---- (Amp---- ( The basic unit of electrical current. Current is a measure of the electron flow through a circuit. If we could count electrons, we would find that, if there 6.24 x 10*18 electrons moving past a point in one second, we have a current of one ampere. We abbreviate amperes amps. )

Amplificaton--- ( The process of increasing the size of a signal. Also called gain. )

Amplifier---- ( An electrical device used to increase the level of a signal. )

Amplitude Modulation (AM)---- (Amp---- ( A method of combining an information signal and an RF (radio-frequency) carrier. In double-sideband voice AM transmission, we use the voice information to vary (modulate) the amplitude of an RF carrier. Shortwave broadcast stations use this type of AM, as do stations in the Standard Band (535-1710 kHz). Few amateurs use double-sideband voice AM, but a variation, known as single sideband, is very popular. )

AMRAD---- ( Amateur Radio Research and Development Corporation, a nonprofit organization involved in packet-radio development. )

AMSAT---- ( The Radio Amateur Satellite Corporation. )

AMTOR---- ( Amateur Teleprinting Over Radio--A forum of RTTY, "radio teletype", a popular method of digital communication on the HF bands. )

Analog---- ( Signals which have a full set of values. If the signal varies between 0 and 10V all values in this range can be found. Compare this to a digital system. )

Analog Signal---- ( A signal, usually electrical, that can have any amplitude (voltage or current) value and exists at any point in time. )

Ancient Mary---- ( AM, or someone who uses AM. )

A.N.E.---- ( Automatic noise eliminator. )

ANF---- ( Automatic Notch Filter. )

ANL---- ( Automatic Noise Limiter-this feature cuts out lower
level noises on the airwaves...it's basically noise reduction. )

Anode---- ( The element of an analog device that accepts electrons. )

Anomalistic period---- ( The elapsed time between two successive perigees of a satellite. )

ANSI---- ( American National Standards Institute )

Answer---- ( The station intended to receive a call. )

ANT---- ( Antenna. )

Antenna---- ( A device that picks up or sends out radio frequency energy; The aerial to which a CB rig is connected to. )

Antenna Ground System---- ( Term is used for a RF potential for some types of antennas. Most unbalanced or
asymmetrical antennas need a good RF Ground. )

Antenna Impedance---- ( The impedance of an antenna at its resonance. It should be at 50greek{W for
most Transceivers. )

Antenna Matching---- ( When the antennas impedance at resonance is at optimum performance for your
transmitter output circuit. )

Antenna Switch---- (Amp---- ( A switch used to connect one transmitter, receiver or transceiver to several different antennas. )

Antenna Tuner---- ( A device used to match an antenna to the output impedance of a transmitter; a device that matches the antenna system input impedance to the transmitter, receiver or transceiver output impedance. Also called an "antenna-matching network", "impedance-matching network" or "Transmatch". )

AO-#---- ( The designator used for AMSAT OSCAR spacecraft in flight, by sequence number. )

AOS---- ( Acquisition of signal. The time at which radio signals are first heard from a satellite, usually just after it rises above the horizon. )

APA---- ( Aerial pre-amp--Boosts receiving signals. )

APC---- ( Automatic Power Control--Currant limiting of a power amplifier to prevent damage to finals in high SWR conditions). )

Apogee---- ( The point in a satellite's orbit where it is farthest from Earth. )

APRS---- ( Automatic Position Reporting System"--Used in connection with a GPS and TNC provide position reporting. )

ARA---- ( Amateur Radio Association. )

ARC---- ( Amateur Radio Club. )

Area coordinators---- ( An AMSAT corps of volunteers who organize and coordinate amateur satellite user activity in their particular state, municipality, region or country. This is the AMSAT grassroots organization set up to assist all current and prospective OSCAR users. )

ARES---- ( Amateur Radio Emergency Service. )

Argument of perigee---- ( The polar angle that locates the perigee point of a satellite in the orbital plane; drawn between the ascending node, geocenter, and perigee; and measured from the ascending node in the direction of satellite motion. )

ARQ---- ( Automatic repeat request, an error-sending station, after transmitting a data block, awaits a reply (ACK or NAK) to determine whether to repeat the last block or proceed to the next. )

Array---- ( An antenna put together with several smaller ones. )

ARRL---- ( The American Radio Relay League. )

Ascending node---- ( The point on the ground track of the satellite orbit where the sub-satellite point (SSP) crosses the equator from the Southern Hemisphere into the Northern Hemisphere. )

ASCII---- ( American National Standard Code for Information Interchange. A standard method of encoding data so that it can be understood by many computers. A code consisting of seven information bits. )

ASSC---- ( Amateur Satellite Service Council. )

ATCMB---- ( As the case may be. )

Atom---- ( The smallest particle of matter that makes up an element. )

ATT---- ( A network designed to reduce the amplitude of a signal. )

Attenuator---- ( A device which reduces the amplitude of a signal. )

ATU---- ( Aerial Tuning Unit. )

ATV---- ( Amateur Television / FSTV, SSTV. )

Audio---- ( Sound of CB radio. )

Audio Rectification---- ( Interference to electronic devices caused by a strong RF field that is rectified and amplified in the device. )

Australian Bands---- ( 27 MHz HF BAND--
The HF (High Frequency) Band offers two modes of operation and are not compatible with one
another, AM (Amplitude Modulation) and SSB (Single Side Band). For this reason the AM mode
is traditionally used on channels 1 to 14 inclusive and the SSB mode on 15 to 40 inclusive.
The SSB Mode has two modes of it own. Conversations can take place on Lower Side Band (LSB) or the
Upper Side Band (USB) mode. Although the AM mode can be very noisy in signal, one can expect
communication distances of around 5 to 10 kms in normal operating conditions. SSB mode basically,
has greater transmitting ranges. 15 to 50 kms can be reached under “normal” conditions providing
for much better reception. Under ideal atmospheric conditions incredible distances are possible in both modes.
This is called "skip." In skip conditions (where the signal travels upwards at an angle and bounces back to
earth at the same angle) transmission distances can reach thousands of kilometres enabling one to communicate across the world.

476/477 Mhz UHF BAND--
UHF (Ultra High Frequency) transmissions are made in the FM mode and offers a very clean and clear reception
as opposed to the AM or SSB modes. It has become the preferred mode of operation for many. Because UHF signals
travel in a straight line, geography plays an important role in how well a signal is transmitted and received.
Any hill or man-made structure between one radio and the other will impede the signal. UHF has been made very popular;
particularly in the flat country areas, and has become more so with the introduction of repeaters over the years
enabling even further distances for communications. Under ideal conditions, distance of 200 kms or more can be reached.
UHF radios can be bought with features such as selcall, CTCSS and telemetry and telecommand systems. )

Auto Patch---- ( A device that interfaces a repeater to the telephone system to permit repeater users to make telephone calls. Often just called a "patch". )

Auxilliary Station---- ( An amateur station transmitting communications point-to-point within a system of cooperating amateur stations. )

AVC---- ( Automatic Volume Control--A feedback scheme to level out the receiver audio volume. )

Average Power---- ( Power measured on standard power meter. )

Average value---- ( Obtained by recording or measuring N samples of a signal, adding up all of these values, and dividing this sum by N. )

AWG---- ( American wire gauge. )

AX.25---- ( Amateur packet-radio link-layer protocal. )

AZ-EL---- ( Azimuth-elevation. )

Az-el mount---- ( An antenna mount that allows antenna positioning in both the azimuth and elevation planes. )

Azimuth---- ( Direction (side-to-side in the horizontal plane) from a given point on Earth, usually expressed in degrees. North = 0* or 360*; East = 90*; South = 180*; West = 270*. )

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Lycos Small Business

The Copyright Minefield By Jacqui Kramer, Contributing Author
10/5/2000 9:19:53 AM PDT

"The copyright issue is a sticky one for Web site owners and their employees, particularly contractors.
Currently in the United States, there are no laws that specifically address copyright issues in the online world.
However, the U.S. courts have ruled that existing copyright laws governing the print world can be applied to the online world."

If by mistake, I've used someone's copyright material, notify me, and I'll remove it.

All Trademarks are Recognised as belonging to Their Respective Owners