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TRAVANCORE

The Kulasekhara Dynasty

GENEALOGY

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1729 - 1758 H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Valia Martanda Varma I, Raja of Travancore. b. 1706, son of Rani Kartika Tirunal, Junior Rani of Attingal, and a Koil Tampuran of Kilimanur educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his maternal uncle, 27^th January 1729. Ascended the gadi, at the Padmanabhapuram Palace, Thukalai, 1^st October 1729. Opposed by the sons of his uncle, who conspired with eight Nair chiefs in an attempt to oust him from the throne, forcing him from the capital. A great warrior and astute politician, he formed a new army, defeated his cousins and began the unification of the principalities and expansion of the kingdom. He achieved a spectacular victory against the Dutch in 1741, then appointed Eustace De Lennoy, the defeated Dutch naval captain as commander of his modern army of Christian and Muslim soldiers. Driving all his enemies before him, he annexed one principality after another, until his forces advanced to the borders of Cochin in 1746. He permanently removed his capital to Trivandrum in 1745, where he restored and beautified the temples. Surrendered his kingdom to the family deity Sri Anantha Padmanabhan on 3^rd January 1750, thenceforward adopted the title of Sri Padmnabha Dasa Vanchipala. Revered as the founder of modern Travancore (Thiruvithamkor). He d. at the Upparika Malika, Padmanabhapuram Palace, Thukalai, 7^th July 1758.

1758 - 1798 H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Rama Varma II [Kartika Tirunal] Dharmaraja, Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Raja of Travancore. b. 1724, elder son of the Senior Rani of Attingal, by her husband, M.R.Ry. Kerala Varma Avargal, Koil Tampuran of Kilimanur, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his uncle, 7^th July 1758. Attacked by Tipu Sultan in 1790, the Raja withstood the invasion for six months, defeated Tipu twice, then appealed to the British for assistance. Signed a Treaty of friendship and protection with the HEIC, 17th November 1795. Granted the hereditary titles of Manney Sultan, Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Bahadur, and Sahamsher Jang, in reward for his services against Tippu Sultan. Removed his capital from Padmanabhapuram to Tiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) in 1795. A distinguished patron of the arts and literature, who mastered Sanskrit, Persian, Hindustani, Tamil, Portuguese, and Dutch. He was also responsible for the restoration of the Sri Padmabha Swami Temple. Musician and composer of Kritis and Kathakali plays. Author of "Abhinaya Darpana" and "Balarama Bharatha". m. (first) a lady from the Arumana House. m. (second) a lady from the Vadasseri House. m. (third) a lady from the Nagercoil House. m. (fourth) a lady from the Thiruvattar House. He d. at the Puttan Malika, Trivandrum Fort, 17^th February 1798, having had issue:

1) …, who had issue, a daughter:
- a) Shrimathi Veettil Panapilla Ayikutty Narayani Pilla Kochamma Thiruvattar Ammaveedu. m. at Trivandrum Fort, 1829, H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Rama Varma III [Swati Tirunal], Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Raja of Travancore (b. at the Shri Padam Palace, Trivandrum Fort, 16^th April 1813; d. at the Puttan Malika Palace, Trivandrum Fort, 27^th December 1846), elder son of H.H. Sri Patmanabha Sevini Vanchipala Dyumani Raj Rajeshwari Rani Gouri Lakshmi Bayi, Senior Rani of Attingal, by her husband M.R.Ry. Raja Raja Varma Avargal, Koil Tampuran of Changanasseri. She had issue, one son - see below.

1798 -1810 H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Bala Rama Varma I [Avitham Tirunal], Kulasekhara Kiritapati Manney Sultan Bahadur, Shamsher Jang, Raja of Travancore. b. 1782, only surviving son of Rani Attham [Chadayam Tirunal], of Attingal, educ. privately. Succeeded on the death of his uncle, 17^th February 1798. He d. at Trivandrum Fort, 7^th November 1810.

1810 - 1813 H.H. Sri Patmanabha Sevini Vanchipala Dyumani Raj Rajeshwari Rani Gouri Lakshmi Bayi [Aayilyam Thirunal], Senior Rani of Attingal and Rani Regent of Travancore. b. 1791, elder daughter of Rani Attham [Chadayam Tirunal] of Attingal, educ. privately. Installed on the death of her brother as Rani Regent and interim ruler of Travancore 7^th November 1810 (pending the birth of a son and heir). Ceased to enjoy that position on the birth of her eldest son, 16^th April 1813. Continued as Regent only, until her death. She was one of the most distinguished rulers of Travancore, instituting many reforms and advances in administration, education, and welfare. m. M.R.Ry. Rajaraja Varma Avargal, Koil Tampuran of Changanasseri (d. December 1845). She d. at Kanni, 18^th August 1815, having had issue, two sons and two daughters:

1) H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Rama Varma III [Swati Tirunal], Raja of Travancore - see below.
2) H.H. Maharaj Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Martandra Varma II [Uthram Tirunal], Raja of Travancore - see below.
1) H.H. Rani Gouri Parvathi Bayi [Uttirattadi Tirunal], Senior Rani of Attingal. b. at the Shri Padam Palace, Trivandrum Fort, 1802, educ. privately. She d. young.
2) H.H. Rani Gouri Rukmani Bayi [Ayilyam Tirunal], Senior Rani of Attingal. b. at the Shri Padam Palace, Trivandrum Fort, 1809, educ. privately. Succeeded her sister as Senior Rani of Attingal. A gifted musician who composer of over 150 krittis (devotional songs) in praise of Padmanabha. m. 1819, M.R.Ry. Rama Varma [Punartham Tirunal], Koil Tampuran of Tiruvalla. She d. June 1837, having had issue, eight children, including five sons and two daughters:
- a) Prince Kerala Varma Raja. b. at Trivandrum Fort, 30^th June 1827, educ. privately. Renounced his rights in favour of his younger brother. He d. at Trivandrum, 1882.
- b) Maharaja Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Bala Rama Varma II [Ayilyam Tirunal], Maharaja of Travancore - see below.
- c) Prince Martanda Varma [Pooyam Tirunal]. b. at Trivandrum Fort, 1833. He d. 1837.
- d) Prince Ravi Varma [Uttradam Tirunal]. b. at Trivandrum Fort, 27^th October 1835, educ. privately. Invested as Heir Apparent with the title of Eliya Raja 19^th October 1860. Excluded from the succession due to imbecility, 1880. He d. 1880. Copyright© Christopher Buyers
- e) H.H. Maharaja Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Rama Varma V [Visakham Tirunal], Maharaja of Travancore - see below.
- a) H.H. Rani Parvati Bayi, Senior Rani of Attingal [Chathayam Tirunal]. She d.s.p. at Trivandrum, 9^th May 1853.
- b) H.H. Rani Lakshmi Bayi [Pooradam Tirunal], Junior Rani of Attingal. b. at Trivandrum Fort, 1829, educ. privately. m. M.R.Ry. Raja Raja Varma Avargal, Koil Tampuran. She d. at Trivandrum, 6^th October 1857, having had issue, two sons:
  - i) Prince Martanda Varma [Hastam Tirunal]. b. at Trivandrum Fort, 14^th December 1853, educ. privately. He d. April 1877.
  - ii) Maharaja Raja Ramaraja Sri Patmanabha Dasa Vanchipala Sri Rama Varma VI [Mullam Tirunal], Maharaja of Travancore - see below.

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